سرمایهگذاری؛ فصلالخطاب فولاد سبز
در این خصوص در گفتگو با امین ابراهیمی؛ مدیرعامل شرکت فولاد خوزستان به بررسی این موارد پرداختیم.
جایگاه فولاد سبز در آینده صنعت فولاد ایران و جهان چگونه است؟
همسو شدن با فناوری اجتنابناپذیر است. راهبرد شرکتهای صنعتی حفظ تولید، بازارهای هدف و حرکت به سمت توسعه است. یکی از الزامات تولید، حفظ محیط زیست است. با توجه به این موارد، فولادسازان لاجرم باید در مسیر تولید فولاد سبز گام بردارند. قطعا برای دستیابی به این هدف، نیاز به ایجاد زیرساختهای لازم و تغییر در روند تولید وجود خواهد داشت. ساخت نیروگاه با بهرهگیری از انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر شاید الزامی باشد همچنین استانداردترین فرآیند برای تولید این محصول، احیای مستقیم سنگ آهن مبتنی بر هیدروژن است. در این روش سنگ آهن جامد توسط هیدروژن به آهن اسفنجی تبدیل میشود و گازهای گلخانهای و کربن از صنعت فولاد حذف میشوند. مهمترین تحول در مسیر جایگزینی فولاد سیاه با سبز، استفاده از روشهای تولید مبتنی بر هیدروژن است. مطالعات گستردهای در شرکت فولاد خوزستان برای ایجاد زیرساختهای لازم برای تولید فولاد سبز در حال انجام است. البته تولید فولاد سبز، نیازمند سرمایهگذاری عظیمی است.
الزامات فولاد سبز در ایران چیست؟
مطمئنا جایگزینی زیرساختهای مورد نیاز تولید فولاد سبز، سرمایهگذاری عظیمی را طلب میکند که جز با حمایت دولت و وزارتخانههای مرتبط، امکانپذیر نیست. از طرفی با توجه اینکه، فولاد سبز، فناوری نوینی است و طراحی و اجرای آن ارتباط مستقیمی با فولادسازان دارد، بهترین روش اجرایی آن گردهمایی شرکتهای بزرگ فولادی است. در این صورت علاوه بر کاهش هزینه و سرعت در اجرای طرح، نتایج به دست آمده برای شرکتها مفید و قابل اجراست. وزارتخانههای مرتبط مانند صمت، نیرو و نفت نیز در جایگاه نظارتی و تسهیلگری، میتوانند در پیشبرد اهداف طرح جایگزینی ایفای نقش کنند.
دورنمای صنعت فولاد ایران را چگونه ارزیابی میکنید؟
وزارتخانههای صمت، نیرو و نفت در کنار سازمان محیط زیست، سازمان بهینهسازی انرژی، شرکتهای دانشبنیان، استارتآپهای مرتبط و سایر نهادهایی که به نوعی در اصلاح فرآیند تولید فولاد نقش دارند، با تشکیل کارگروه مشترک و ترسیم خط مشی و تعیین ضربالاجل زمانی میتوانند، نقشهی راه تولید فولاد سبز را ترسیم کنند. کشورهای مختلف تولیدکننده فولاد در جهان باید تا سال ۲۰۶۰ میلادی نسبت به بازبینی فرآیندهای تولیدی خود اقدام کنند. ایران نیز به عنوان یکی از بازیگران تولید فولاد در دنیا که در رده دهم تولیدکنندگان بزرگ قرار گرفته است؛ باید به سمت تولید فولاد سبز پیش برود.
همچنین باید مراحل مختلف زنجیره فولاد مورد بازبینی قرار گیرد. استفاده از انرژیهای تجدیدپذیر به جای سوخت گاز و سایر سوختهای فسیلی، تغییر روش تولید آهن اسفنجی (به کارگیری هیدروژن)، حذف کورههای بلند، بهینهسازی مصرف انرژی با هدف کاهش مصرف سوختهای فسیلی، کاهش مصرف گاز در فرآیند تولید آهن اسفنجی و … مواردی هستند که در تحقق دستیابی به تولید فولاد سبز موثر هستند. تولید فولاد سبز نیازمند سرمایهگذاری است و باید در این راستا پیش از هر اقدامی برای تاسیس واحدهای جدید اقدامات آمایش سرزمین انجام گیرد.
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